Inter-dwelling signal management using reconfigurable antennas

ABSTRACT

A communication system utilizing reconfigurable antenna systems is described where beam steering and null forming techniques are incorporated to limit the region or volume available for communication with client devices. The communication system described restricts communication to defined or desired area and degrades signal strength coverage outside of a prescribed region. An algorithm is used to control the antenna system to monitor and control antenna system performance across the service area. This antenna system technique is applicable for use in communication systems such as a Local Area Network (LAN), cellular communication network, and Machine to Machine (M2M).

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent applicant Ser. No. 16/236,699, filed on Dec. 21, 2018, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/423,565, filed on Feb. 2, 2017 (now U.S. Pat. No. 10,171,139, issued on Jan. 1, 2019) which claims benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 62/290,416, filed Feb. 2, 2016. Applicant claims priority to and the benefit of each of such applications and incorporate all such applications herein by reference in its entirety.

BACKGROUND Field of the Invention

This invention relates generally to the field of wireless communication; and more particularly, to a communication system configured to communicate with one or more client devices on a communication network, wherein the communication system is capable of constructing a customized communication zone, and only within the communication zone may the one or more client devices communicate with the communication system. In addition to the communication system, this invention further relates to methods for using the communication system.

Description of the Related Art

A proliferation of wireless communication systems such as wireless wide area networks (WWAN), also referred to as “cellular systems”, and wireless local area networks (WLAN), have improved communication and provided benefits associated with real-time mobile voice communications and internet access in both homes and businesses.

WLAN, specifically, has been adopted across homes and businesses in many regions of the world; with a large number of client devices, such as but not limited to: smartphones, laptops, and tablets, being capable of WLAN transmission/reception. More recently, WLAN has been adopted for high throughput applications, such as, for example, video streaming for in-home applications. These WLAN communication systems require good performance from the RF radio and antenna system integrated therein in order to ensure quality operation. In addition, these WLAN communication systems becoming increasingly popular in homes correspondingly increase the signaling encountered in apartment buildings and neighborhoods. These in-home video streaming applications are offered by service providers who garner revenue per home, or customer, and there is a desired need to limit video streaming and internet access service for the exclusive use of the paying customer, and not to other un-intended users. Un-intended access of WLAN signals by these un-intended users will result in reduced revenue at the service provider as well as reduced capacity for the paying customer.

With the need for higher signal strengths or receive signal strength indicator (RSSI) levels in houses and apartments among other buildings, in order to support video streaming and other high data rate internet usage, such as gaming, the RF and antenna system performance will become more important in terms of providing strong RF signaling throughout the intended dwelling.

Unfortunately, with passive antennas used in WLAN systems there is no control over radiation pattern coverage and the field of view that the antenna system can cover once the WLAN enabled device, such as a gateway or access point, is placed in a house. At a fixed transmit power level and a fixed antenna radiation pattern the electromagnetic (EM) wave will propagate within the house or dwelling, and will continue to propagate through the exterior walls or confines of the dwelling. Blockage and absorption from the walls, door, and furniture in the dwelling will attenuate and disturb the EM wave, but some of the radiated energy will extend beyond the dwelling and into neighboring houses, apartments, and other places. If security measures are not implemented in the signaling, or if the service subscriber allows other residents in neighboring houses or apartments to access the signaling, for example, by providing the password for a specific access point or gateway, then decreased revenue for the service provider will result.

While the above represents one detailed issue in the art, it would be recognized by others with skill in the art that a myriad of similar and relatable problems also exist.

Whether an end-user desires to protect her signal from unintended users in adjacent dwellings, or whether a service provider desires to limit the spatial access from a particular communication system, there is a need for such a communication system that can be configured to communicate with one or more client devices on a communication network, wherein the communication system is capable of constructing a customized communication zone, and only within the communication zone may the one or more client devices communicate with the communication system, such that the signal access is restricted or confined within a desired space.

SUMMARY

In one aspect, a communication system is described. The communication system is configured to communicate with one or more client devices on a communication network, wherein the communication system is capable of constructing a customized communication zone, and only within the communication zone may the one or more client devices communicate with the communication system.

In another aspect, methods are provided which relate to use of the communication system described above.

These and other aspects, embodiments and variations will be further appreciated by those having skill in the art upon a thorough review of the enclosed description and the appended drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 shows an access point located within a first house, a radiated signal from the access point is shown throughout the first house and further extending into a second house, wherein each of the houses contains client devices capable of communicating with the access point.

FIG. 2 shows an access point located within a first house, a radiated signal from the access point is shown throughout the first house and further extending into a second house, wherein each of the houses contains client devices capable of communicating with the access point; wherein a repeater is introduced in the second house to enhance the signal for communication with devices in the second house.

FIG. 3 shows an access point with integrated reconfigurable antennas, the reconfigurable antennas are adjusted to create two radiation patterns suitable for signal coverage throughout the first house, but not adequate for communication in the second house.

FIG. 4 shows an apartment building with six apartments, a first access point with passive antennas produces a first radiation pattern, and a second access point with passive antennas produces a second radiation pattern, the first access point is capable of communicating with four clients in four apartments, respectively, whereas the second access point is capable of communicating with two other client devices within two other apartments; the illustrated schematic results in lost revenues for service providers and reduced capacity for the paying subscriber.

FIG. 5 shows the same apartment building as described in FIG. 4, however, each access point includes a reconfigurable antenna system capable of adjusting its respective antenna radiation pattern mode; the illustrated schematic results in reduced losses attributed to unintended users.

FIG. 6 shows a method for using a communication system in accordance with various embodiments described herein.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

An communication system with integrated reconfigurable antenna system is disclosed that provides reconfigurable radiation modes and an algorithm that tasks the antenna system to provide good RF signal strength coverage for a defined region while minimizing RF field strength external to the defined, preferred region. A training session initiated at hardware installation in a home or other dwelling is described where measurements are performed to map signal strength within the dwelling across various radiation modes of the reconfigurable antenna system, with this information used in conjunction with the algorithm to service wireless clients in the dwelling or region. This new system level approach is applicable to a wide variety of communication systems including WLAN in homes, apartments, and businesses.

A reconfigurable antenna system is described, wherein antenna beam steering hardware is combined with an algorithm to optimize RF signal strength when coupled to a radio within a defined region such as a house or apartment while minimizing RF signal strength exterior to the region. This process is performed by generating multiple radiation modes that can be used to illuminate the defined region and tracking RF signal strength or other metric per mode throughout the region. The algorithm is tasked with determining which radiation mode provides adequate communication system performance at exterior boundaries or walls of the desired region to provide communication coverage while reducing RF signal strength exterior to the boundary of this desired region. Radiation modes selected for use with client devices at the boundary of the region might not provide the highest data Throughput but instead the mode used might be chosen to provide a Throughput at a specific value or range of values to service the client at the boundary, with this radiation mode providing lower Throughput or signal strength outside of the desired region. The various radiation modes generated by the reconfigurable antenna system will have different radiation pattern shapes and/or polarization properties when compared to each other. The mode selection process will take into account the desire to service a client device at a set signal strength level, with this signal strength level capable of supporting a desired modulation coding scheme for example, while minimizing signal strength levels exterior to the region that communication is desired.

Certain embodiments describe a communication system, such as an access point or similar device, configured to utilize reconfigurable antenna systems within, such that beam steering and null forming techniques are implemented in order to construct a finite space available for communication between the system and one or more client devices networked. This antenna system technique is applicable for use in communication systems such as a Local Area Network (LAN), cellular communication network, and Machine to Machine (M2M).

In one embodiment, a WLAN radio with reconfigurable antenna system is used for communication in a house. The client devices used with this WLAN radio have fixed locations, for example client devices located at each television in the house used for video streaming of content from the WLAN radio. At installation of the WLAN radio and client devices the reconfigurable antenna system with algorithm can be run through a training session where the multiple radiation modes of the reconfigurable antenna are transmitted and radiated performance at each client device is measured and stored. This radiated performance can be measured in the form of signal strength such as RSSI, Signal to Interference and Noise Ratio (SINR), Modulation Coding Scheme (MCS), Channel Quality Indicator (CQI), or some other metric. If radiated performance measurements can be conducted using a client device external to the intended region, such as outside the exterior walls of a house or in the apartment adjacent to an apartment selected for the communication system, then the measurements are performed to determine signal strength levels exterior of the intended region per radiation mode. For this static situation where client devices are intended to be stationary the radiation mode that provides a set level of performance per client can be selected and assigned for use during system operation. The algorithm can sample additional modes during operation to verify that the mode selected is optimal for a set level of communication link performance. The goal of the reconfigurable antenna system with algorithm working in conjunction with the WLAN radio is to provide a specific signal strength at a client device within an intended region such as a house or apartment while minimizing signal strength external to the intended region, i.e. on the other side of an exterior wall. Radiation modes are selected not to optimize signal strength in the intended region but to provide an adequate or required signal strength in the desired region and low signal strength external to the region.

In another embodiment, the scenario previously described is implemented where a WLAN radio and reconfigurable antenna system with algorithm is used to provide service to a house or apartment. Instead of fixed clients the clients can now be mobile. For example, instead of clients positioned at televisions within the house or apartment the clients are laptops and smartphones used by residents moving about the dwelling. In this case the algorithm performs the same optimization function in terms of restricting signal strength levels exterior to the dwelling but the modes are sampled more frequently to compensate for a changing propagation channel.

In another embodiment, a training session is performed, with the training session consisting of measurements performed at multiple locations internal and if possible, external to the region or dwelling where communication is desired. Previously described metrics such as RSSI or SINR are mapped as a function of location to determine modes that can support a set level of communication system performance as well as modes that will reduce signal strength external to the region or dwelling.

In another embodiment, a unique identifier for WLAN radios used as clients and for access points, such as a MAC address, can be inventoried for the communication system formed by access points and client devices. For closed systems such as video streaming wireless systems that have specific access points or gateways that stream to a fixed number of client devices within a house or other dwelling the signal strength at client devices can be increased by selecting the optimal radiation mode of the reconfigurable antenna system while the signal strength at clients that are not a part of the intended communication system can be reduced by choosing radiation modes that suppress or “null out” the unintended client device. This system level approach can be used to degrade WLAN quality to client devices that are not part of the intended system, as when a customer of a video streaming service to allow access to the video stream to neighbors who are not customers of the service. This technique will minimize revenue loss of service providers by reducing usage of their services by users who are not customers.

The following invention describes a system for restricting radiated field strength to allow the capability to service clients within a specified region and to reduce the field strength at clients located external to the specified region. A method is also described where unique radio identifiers at the clients allow for radiation mode selection of the reconfigurable antenna system at the serving radio to select radiation modes that improve signal strength at desired clients and reduces signal strength at clients with unique identifiers that do not correspond to identifiers on a preferred list.

Now turning to the drawings, FIG. 1 illustrates a first house 10 a where an access point 11 is located in a first room of the house, with the access point used to communicate with four clients 12 a; 12 b; 12 c; and 12 d, respectively, within the first house. The radiated signal 13 from the access point 11 also propagates into a second house 10 b, which is adjacent to the first house 10 a. Three clients 12 e; 12 f; and 12 g within the second house 10 b are within the radiated field 13 of the access point 11 located in the first house 10 a.

FIG. 2 illustrates a first house 10 a where an access point 11 is located in a first room of the house, with the access point used to communicate with four clients 12 a; 12 b; 12 c; and 12 d, respectively, within the first house. The radiated signal 13 from the access point 11 also propagates into a second house 10 b, which is adjacent to the first house 10 a. Three clients 12 e; 12 f; and 12 g within the second house 10 b are within the radiated field 13 of the access point 11 located in the first house 10 a. Here, a repeater circuit 14 is provided in the second house at a position nearest the access point 11 of the first house. The repeater circuit 14 receives and re-broadcasts the information from the access point 11 to clients 12 e; 12 f; and 12 g within the second house.

FIG. 3 illustrates an embodiment similar to that of FIG. 1, including a first house 10 a where an access point 11 is located, with this access point containing a reconfigurable antenna system which can generate multiple radiation patterns, or modes. Two radiation modes are shown, a first radiation pattern mode 15 a and a second radiation pattern mode 15 b, with these two modes capable of illuminating client devices within the first house 10 a, but with reduced signal strength at client devices located in the adjacent second house 10 b. A receive signal strength indicator limit line is shown, wherein the access point 11 is configured to limit the signal strength beyond the limit line.

FIG. 4 illustrates a multi-story apartment building 43 where two access points are located, one in each of the two apartments. The radiated RF field from the access points illuminates client devices located in multiple apartments in the building. A first access point 41 serves four client devices 44 a; 44 b; 44 d; and 44 e, respectively, with first radiation pattern 45 spanning four apartments 43 a; 43 b; 43 c; and 44 d of six shown apartments of the apartment building 43. A second access point 42 serves two client devices 44 c and 44 f, with second radiation pattern 46 spanning two apartments 43 e; 43 f of the six apartments of the apartment building 43. Passive antenna systems are used in the access points in this drawing, with no method of controlling radiation patterns to suppress radiation in un-desired regions, resulting in a loss of revenues for service providers and reduced link budget capacity for paying subscribers.

In contrast to that shown in FIG. 4, FIG. 5 illustrates a multi-story apartment building 43 where the two access points 41 and 42, respectively, are located in two 43 a; 43 f of the six apartments. Each of the six apartments has a client device 44 a; 44 b; 44 c; 44 d; 44 e; and 44 f located within. Each access point has a reconfigurable antenna system capable of generating multiple radiation modes. This capability allows for restricting the RF signal strength from the radiated fields of the access points from providing adequate signal strength to clients in adjacent apartments within the building; i.e. the un-desired client devices or un-desired regions.

FIG. 6 illustrates a method for implementing a training session using beacon devices at fixed locations within the geographical region, describes the selection of modes for client devices in the region, and registers unique radio identifiers per client which can be used to improve or degrade communication link performance per client based on radio identifier. 

The invention claimed is:
 1. A method of establishing a plurality of communication zones for a reconfigurable antenna, the reconfigurable antenna system of a communication system, the reconfigurable antenna system being capable of configuration in one of a plurality of possible radiation modes, wherein the reconfigurable antenna system is associated with a distinct radiation pattern when configured in each of the plurality of possible radiation modes, the reconfigurable antenna system configured to communicate signals with one or more client devices in communication with the communication system, the method comprising: establishing a first communication link between the communication system and a first client device when the first client device is at a first position within a space; establishing a second communication link between the communication system and the first client device when the first client device is at a second position within the space; establishing a third communication link between the communication system and the first client device when the first client device is at a third position within the space; establishing a communication zone based on information communicated between the first client device and the communication system at each of the first position, the second position, and the third position, the communication zone comprising a spatial volume having a boundary.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein when the first client is located at the first position, the method comprises: configuring the reconfigurable antenna system in each of the plurality of possible radiation modes; obtaining a signal strength metric of the first communication link at each of the plurality of possible radiation modes; storing data indicative of the obtained signal strength metric for each radiation mode.
 3. The method of claim 2, wherein when the first client is located at the second position, the method comprises: configuring the reconfigurable antenna system in each of the plurality of possible radiation modes; obtaining a signal strength metric of the second communication link at each of the plurality of possible radiation modes; storing data indicative of the obtained signal strength metric for each radiation mode.
 4. The method of claim 3, wherein when the first client is located at the third position, the method comprises: configuring the reconfigurable antenna system in each of the plurality of possible radiation modes; obtaining a signal strength metric of the third communication link at each of the plurality of possible radiation modes; storing data indicative of the obtained signal strength metric for each radiation mode.
 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the method comprises determining the selected mode to provide a signal strength metric within a predetermined range and to reduce signal strength outside of the communication zone.
 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises: obtaining data indicative of the communication zone for the communication system; determining a selected radiation mode of the plurality of possible radiation modes based at least in part on the communication zone such that the communication system provides at least a threshold performance at the boundary of the communication zone with lower performance at a location outside of the communication zone.
 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the communication zone is associated with a dwelling.
 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the boundary of the communication zone is located proximate an exterior wall of the dwelling.
 9. The method of claim 7, wherein the dwelling is a house.
 10. The method of claim 7, wherein the dwelling is an apartment.
 11. The method of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of possible radiation modes is associated with a distinct radiation pattern having a distinct shape or polarization.
 12. A communication system, comprising: a reconfigurable antenna system, the reconfigurable antenna system being capable of configuration in one of a plurality of possible radiation modes, wherein the reconfigurable antenna system is associated with a distinct radiation pattern when configured in each of the plurality of possible radiation modes, the reconfigurable antenna system configured to communicate signals with one or more client devices in communication with the communication system; one or more processors configured to perform operations, the operations comprising: establishing a first communication link between the communication system and a first client device when the first client device is at a first position within a space; establishing a second communication link between the communication system and the first client device when the first client device is at a second position within the space; establishing a communication zone based on information communicated between the first client device and the communication system at each of the first position and the second position.
 13. The communication system of claim 12, wherein when the first client is located at the first position, the operations comprise: configuring the reconfigurable antenna system in each of the plurality of possible radiation modes; obtaining a signal strength metric of the first communication link at each of the plurality of possible radiation modes; storing data indicative of the obtained signal strength metric for each radiation mode.
 14. The communication system of claim 12, wherein when the first client is located at the second position, the operations comprise: configuring the reconfigurable antenna system in each of the plurality of possible radiation modes; obtaining a signal strength metric of the second communication link at each of the plurality of possible radiation modes; storing data indicative of the obtained signal strength metric for each radiation mode.
 15. The communication system of claim 14, wherein the operations comprise determining the selected mode to provide a signal strength metric within a predetermined range and to reduce signal strength outside of the communication zone.
 16. The communication system of claim 12, wherein the operations further comprise: obtaining data indicative of the communication zone for the communication system; determining a selected radiation mode of the plurality of possible radiation modes based at least in part on the communication zone such that the communication system provides at least a threshold performance at the boundary of the communication zone with lower performance at a location outside of the communication zone. 